![]() Estimating relative energy fluxes using the food web, species abundance, and body size. Predator–prey body size, interaction strength and the stability of a real food web. Taxonomic versus allometric constraints on non-linear interaction strengths. Rall, B., Kalinkat, G., Ott, D., Vucic-Pestic, O. The dimensionality of ecological networks. Predator–prey body size relationships when predators can consume prey larger than themselves. ![]() Global patterns in predator–prey size relationships reveal size dependency of trophic transfer efficiency. ![]() Consumer-resource body-size relationships in natural food webs. We demonstrate that species traits explain striking patterns in the body-size architecture of natural food webs that underpin the stability and functioning of ecosystems, paving the way for community-level management of the most complex natural ecosystems.īrose, U. Including the metabolic and movement types of predators increased the accuracy of predicting which species are engaged in high body-mass ratio interactions. Across ecosystems, we found high body-mass ratios for predator groups with specific trait combinations including (1) small vertebrates and (2) large swimming or flying predators. We analysed how species traits constrain body-size architecture by changing the slope of the predator–prey body-mass scaling. Here, we overcome this obstacle by developing predator-trait models to predict average body-mass ratios based on a database comprising 290 food webs from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems across all continents. Identifying these vital interactions in real communities typically requires arduous identification of interactions in complex food webs. Food-web theory shows that the highest predator–prey body-mass ratios found in natural food webs may be especially important because they create weak interactions with slow dynamics that stabilize communities against perturbations and maintain ecosystem functioning. Predator–prey interactions in natural ecosystems generate complex food webs that have a simple universal body-size architecture where predators are systematically larger than their prey. Nature Ecology & Evolution volume 3, pages 919–927 ( 2019) Cite this article So, if we’re going off chomp factor, our money’s on the pliosaurs, but if we’re working from how many teeth? It’s a close one to call.Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems This gave them a bite force capable of chomping through giant prey like ichthyosaurs with their huge teeth, while mosasaurs tended to snatch and swallow their prey whole using pointy teeth. However, mosasaurs were typically slimmer with elongated skulls, while pliosaurs had big stocky heads. In terms of length, Mosasaurus hoffmanni had Pliosaurus funkei beaten at 17 meters (56 feet) long, while our Predator X was a poxy 12 meters (40 feet). However, we can make some educated guesses as to how a fight might’ve gone down were they both plopped in the same pond. Mosasaurs emerged during the Late Cretaceous meaning they missed the pliosaur party by a few tens of million years. Unfortunately, the world never got the Pliosaurus Vs Mosasaurus showdown we all would’ve loved to see (and likely never will unless we innovate the tech to bring back ancient animals). So how did these two hunters match up, and did they ever cross paths? Pliosaurus Vs Mosasaurus Jurassic Park/ World fans will no doubt be more familiar with a different marine predator: mosasaur. “It gave rise to a dynasty of marine reptile mega-predators that ruled the oceans for around 80 million years.” “ Lorrainosaurus was one of the first truly huge pliosaurs,” said Sven Sachs, a researcher at the Natural History Museum in Bielefeld, reports Discover. Image credit: By ДиБгд - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia
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The density of formation water at reservoir conditions can be calculated in four steps. The salt content can be estimated from the formation resistivity, as measured from electric-log measurements. The only field datum necessary is the density at standard conditions, which can be obtained from the salt content by use of Fig. ![]() When laboratory data or actual water samples are unavailable, the density of formation water at reservoir conditions can be estimated roughly (usually to within +/−10%) from correlations ( Figs. Experimental verification of the computer predictions should be performed in cases in which any error could have significant impact. Alternatively, some modern multicomponent chemical equilibrium simulators accurately calculate the densities (and other physical properties) from the complete analysis of the waters within the temperature and pressure range of the thermodynamic database. ![]() Thus, water samples taken for providing input to these programs must have accurate densities determined experimentally. However, process simulation software used in modern facility design uses the true density or specific gravity of the water to avoid significant cumulative errors, especially when working with low-gravity heavy oils or concentrated brines. ![]() In the past, density in metric units (g/cm 3) was considered equal to specific gravity therefore, for most engineering calculations, density and specific gravity were interchangeable in most of the older designs. ![]() “I’ve been recently dreaming about a chef in a five-star hotel. That’s why I always choose poses that let me see her face and glasses.” I believe a girl to be intelligent when she wears glasses. “I think I love having sex with intelligent girls. I already have a good deal of these garters, a perfect collection. “My boyfriend has a fetish-he wants me when I wear elegant stockings with garters. Want to better understand object kinks? Check out the stories below. Fetishes and object kinks are one and the same. Sexual fetishism is arousal caused by nonliving objects.įetishes can include just about anything, from garters, leather jackets, vibrators, a cherry on the pie, sex toys, cakes, sand and water, to the taste and smell of different items. You may know these particular kinks under a different name: fetishes. If we’ve left your favorite kink off our list, come send us your story ) Object kinksĪs we travel through the wide world of kinks and fantasies, we’ll make our first stop at the nonliving objects that sexually excite us. We’ve pored over stories, analyzed various kinds of sexual experiences and organized our findings into five conceptual categories. ![]() Using that list, one can single out a single basic thing that all definitions have in common: at the very least, a kink is something that ignites sexual desire. ![]() “sexual practices that most people consider to be wild, unusual or extreme” “any kind of non-traditional sexual practices, concepts or fantasies”, “participation in or taste for uncommon sexual conduct”, The lengthy, conflicting list of definitions is like a veil hiding the true meaning and perplexing those who want to make sense of the subject We are all kinksters – but not all of us know this (Fantasy) Definition of kink – it is not all that simpleĪcross various sources - from official academic dictionaries to informal jokes, and from vernacular vocabularies to sex-evangelism blogs- definitions of “kink” differ wildly. Spoiler: this article contains a lot of true, kinky stories. Based on kinky stories that we found on the web and received from our readers, we’ve drawn up a list of kinks and divided them into conceptual categories. ![]() DraftKings promoters do not have access to any non-public information. Our 2017 Draft Overall rankings are updated daily. DraftKings promoters may also deploy different players and strategies than what is recommended above. Dont trust any 1 fantasy football expert We combine rankings from 100+ experts into Consensus Rankings. All customers should use their own skills and judgment in building lineups. Personal views on the games and strategies above do not necessarily reflect the view(s) of DraftKings and do not constitute a representation that any particular strategy will guarantee success. 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Place a bet now at DraftKings Sportsbook!* ![]() To win the competition, the player must defeat his opponent who are actual players around the globe. Each character has its unique room and the player can decorate it with different accessories, furniture, and items. Earn experience points by completing different tasks and use them to unlock further features in the game. It includes different modes such as Practice, Freestyle, Normal, Beat Rusk, and more. The game lets the player live his second life where he is a superstar and make lots of friends. There are different types of characters and the game lets the player select one of them to get into the game world where he can interact with other players, compete in dance tournament and perform hundreds of pop and hip hop dance moves by pressing keys. With core features, exciting graphics, and smooth controls, Audiosurf 2 is the wonderful game to play and enjoy.Īudition Online is a free-to-play, Massively Multiplayer Online, Music, and Rhythm Simulation developed by T3 Entertainment and published by YD Online. In Mono Mode, the timing of the player on Puzzle Modes is now more important than ever. The player is capable of searching for music, including online music. It comes with enhanced graphics, superb mechanics, and exciting gameplay. In the game, the leaderboard enables the player to compare his score against his friends and rival players from all over the world. There are more than five-hundred player-created mods and skins available that the player can use while playing the game. It serves as the sequel to Audiosurf and introduces the new mode, Wakeboarding that enables the player distort the features and songs two boats that tug the player and offers the chances to jump and pull of tricks. The game offers an exciting gameplay and uses the library of the player to create a course the player requires to explore through. Try it out.Īudiosurf 2 is a Rhythm, Puzzle, Single-player and Multiplayer Music video game developed by Dylan Fitterer for multiple platforms. O2Jam includes superb features such as 12 Songs, more than 27 Levels, Collect Gems, and more. The earning of the player depends on how accurate he hit the falling notes. The game rewards the player with gems and experience points for each completed level and can use these points to unlock further content. In Single-player mode, the player plays alone while in Multiplayer mode, the player competes against other players or team-up to be a leader. It has both Single-player and Multiplayer modes. It has different rooms available, and the player has a choice to select the room in the beginning if the game. The ultimate task is to hit these notes to activate sounds to play the music. There are various levels, and each level contains a variety of notes fall across the screen. It offers the similar gameplay to IIDG game and introduces a series of songs. The game brings an exciting gameplay that you have never played before. O2Jam is an Action, Arcade, Music, and Single-player Rhythm video game developed by O2Media and published by e-Games. |
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